Chapter 22 Assessment

AP U.S. History

31 March 2017

Chapter 22 Assessment

1. One of FDR’s New Deal programs was the Civil Conservation Corps or the CCC to counter the high unemployment rate, nearly 25 percent, in America. The CCC provided jobs for 2 million young men. They replanted forests, built trails, dug irrigation ditches, and fought fires. Overtime, the inclusiveness of the CCC extended to minorities such as Mexican Americans and whites.

2. Termed by British economist, John Maynard Keynes, pump priming is the theory of putting people to work on public projects put money into hands of consumers who buy more goods, stimulating the economy. An example of pump priming in the Second New Deal was the establishment of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) which employed millions of people on government projects, however, programs such as these were increasing the federal debt.

3. Collective bargaining means that employers had to negotiate with unions about hours, wages, and other working conditions. Sit-down strikes were when workers refused to leave the workplace until a settlement is reached. In the long run, these methods were effective for workers because it made it possible for them to express their opinions and combat a certain injustice in a peaceful, passive yet argumentative way.

4. Mary McLeod Bethune was a member of the Black Cabinet and the founder of what became known as Bethune Cookman College who championed racial equality. In her view, the New Deal had created a "new day" for African Americans. She noted that African Americans gained unprecedented access to the White House and positions within the government during Roosevelt's presidency.

5. The Federal Theater Project, the Federal Writers' Project, and the Federal Art Project were programs that offered a variety of job opportunities to artists. It came to an end in the early 1940s. Some members of Congress attacked the Federal Art programs for promoting radical values. Congressional support for the program ultimately declined.

6. In the presidential election of 1932, Americans elected the young, charismatic Democratic candidate, Franklin D. Roosevelt, under his campaign of “a new deal for a new people.” As soon as Roosevelt was inaugurated into office, he immediately implemented his “New Deal” to accomplish three goals: relief, recovery, reform. Unlike Hoover, he instantly used federal action to restore the nation’s confidence in the economy and banks by passing an Emergency Bank Bill which gave banks bank holidays that gave them enough time to reorganize their accounts for reopening and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to regulate the stock market and funds to the banks. Other acts implemented under the New Deal were the Agricultural Adjustment Act which provided financial aid to farmers to end overproduction and raise crop prices, the TVA which provided federal relief to poor rural Americans by funding dams and giving them access to electricity, and the CCC which gave jobs to Americans. Two of the most important achievements he made by the New Deal were the National Recovery Administration which developed codes of competition that established minimum wages and prices for goods and the Public Works Administration which built many infrastructures in America such as bridges, dams, and powerplants. Despite Roosevelt’s efforts, many Americans showed their opposition against the New Deal Program. One such group was the American Liberty League which argued that the New Deal gave the government too much power and deprived Americans of their individualism. The American Communist Party believed Roosevelt did not do enough, while the Populist party publicly insulted Roosevelt.

7. As the First New Deal took an instant approach to stablizing the economy, the unemployment rate, banks, and business regulations, the Second New Deal addressed the problems of the elderly,