Biochemistry

Biochemistry Modules 1 & 2 Extra Questions

1. What are six main categories of nutrient?

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
•         Vitamins
• Water
• Minerals

1. What are the main functions of each nutrient category?

To promote normal growth, maintenance, and repair

• Carbohydrates (energy-yielding nutrients)
• Lipids – (same) plus - perform other vital roles for the body (alcohol also yields energy, but is classified as a toxin)
• Proteins (same) plus - perform other vital roles for the body (alcohol also yields energy, but is classified as a toxin)
•         Vitamins - Vitamins and minerals act as regulators, participating in all body processes (e.g., harnessing energy from nutrients, food digestion, and muscle contraction).
• Minerals (same)
• Water - Water is the main transport system of the body, supplying cells with needed materials and carrying away wastes.

1. What do Anabolic and Catabolic mean?

Anabolic  - when simpler structures are combined together to form larger, more complex structures, the reactions are termed anabolic.

Catabolic - When molecules are broken down into simpler components, the reactions are catabolic.

1. What is the energy currency in body?

The main energy currency of the cells is ATP

1. What does carbohydrate made of?

carbohydrate are made up of sugar molecules and provide much of the body’s energy (Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen usually in the ratio: 1C, 2H, 1O (i.e., C1H2O1))

1. What is polysaccharide?

Polysaccharides are long chains of repeating monosaccharide molecules linked together by dehydration synthesis

1. What is the product of glucose anabolic reaction?

This reaction is an important means of breaking down glucose to produce energy, which is stored in the form of ATP. (However, if molecules produced by the Krebs cycle can also be used as precursor molecules, or raw materials, for anabolic reactions that make proteins, fats, and carbohydrates).

1. What is the chemical formula for cellular respiration reaction?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP + heat

1. What does play as a starter for glycolysis reaction?

2 ATP molecules is needed to start the process

1.  What does lipid made of?

Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (some also contain phosphorus)