Biological Determinants
-Relates to how the structure of cells, tissues, and systems of the body and hoe adequately they function
Body Weight:
can impact on health and influence other biological determinants. Obesity in crease the risk of developing:
High Blood Pressure
Cardiovascular Disease
Type 2 Diabetes
Self-esteem issues and Depression
Assessments about body weight are determined using BMI and waist circumference measurements.
women who have a waist circumference of 88cm or greater, and men who have a waist circumference of 102 cm or greater have a high risk of developing a disease or illness due to a higher proportion if abdominal fat.
Blood Pressure
is measured in systolic and diastolic pressure. anything around 120-180 indicates normal blood pressure.
Hypertension contributes to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack, stroke and kidney failure. risk factors that contribute to hypertension include:
Obesity
Lack of Physical Activity
Stress
Smoking
Hormones
Oestrogen:
helps maintain bone density. During menopause oestrogen levels decline leading to a loss of bone mass, making women more susceptible to fractures.
Influences the distribution of fat. Women tend to deposit fat around buttocks and thighs, whereas men and post menopausal women tend to deposit fat around the abdomen increasing the risk of heart disease.
Testosterone:
Plays a role in increasing risk taking behaviours such as skylarking, violence and substance misses, which may contribute to higher rates of injury and mortality.
Glucose Regualtion
impaired glucose regulation (glucose intolerance or insulin resistance) is wen cells become resistance to the action of insulin, preventing glucose from being absorbed into the cells. impaired glucose regulation can occur as a result of:
Genetic Predisposition
Stress
Lack of Exercise
Smoking
Diet High in Fat
Being Overweight
High Blood Pressure
Those that display the risk factors associated with Impaired glucose regulation experience higher rates of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. These conditions contribute to higher rates of:
Heart Attack
Stroke
Kidney Disease
Premature Death
Reduced Social Interaction and Stress
Impaired glucose regulation can be reversed, however it takes long time and need hard work. No consumption of alcohol.
Birth Weight
Low birth weights classified as under 2.5kg. Birth weight is related to health outcomes directly after birth, and later in life. Low birth weight babies are more likely to have an underdeveloped immune system, suffer significant disabilities (speech and learning) and suffer premature death. Low birth weight has been linked to:
High Blood Pressure
Type 2 Diabetes
Cardiovascular Disease
Causes of Low Birth Weight :
Premature birth
Age of Mother
Smoking
Excessive Alcohol Consumption and Drug use during pregnancy
Illness of mother during pregnancy
Blood Cholesterol
Cholesterol is a type of fat required for cell membranes and the production of hormones. Cholesterol is produced by the liver and found in foods such as eggs, Full cream milk, and fatty meats (chicken skin, pork) cholesterol release is triggered by