Bio Homework

Bio Homework

natural selection-the process whereby organisms with favorable variations survive and produce more offspring then less well adapted organisms

variation-the characteristics in individuals that differ from the typical characteristics of other individuals of the same species

adaptation- any kind of inherited trait that improves the chances of survival.

speciation-the formation of a new species.

gradualism- Darwin's theory of evolution, in which new species arise through gradual changes in their characteristics, and thus evolution occurs very slowly over millions of years

punctuated equilibrium- a theory of evolution stating that a species remains the same for a long time then evolves rapidly during a short period of time.

1. the law of use and disuse, The inheritance of acquired characteristics

2. natural selection-the process whereby organisms with favorable variations survive and produce more offspring then less well adapted organisms

3. over production, competition, variation, adaptation

, natural selection, speciation.

accordingly the species remains the same or changes, nothing in between.

modern theory of evolution- according to this theory evolutions happen to populations not individuals

population- a group of organisms of the same species living together in a given region and capable of interbreeding.

population genetics- the genetic make up of populations

gene pool- the total of all the alleles present in a population

genetic recombination- the formation of new combinations of alleles during sexual reproduction.

genetic drift-another factor that affects small populations.

genetic equilibrium- the condition in which allele frequencies do not change from one generation to the next.

1.Mutations, genetic recombination, migration, genetic drift.

2. population- a group of organisms of the same species living together in a given region and capable of interbreeding.

3.gene pool- the total of all the alleles present in a population

4.- the population must be large.

-individuals must not migrate into or out of the population

-mutations must not occur because mutations obviously change the frequencies of the population.

- reproduction must be completely random.

camouflage- an adaptation that provides protection

warning coloration- the colors of the animals actually make it easier to see this is an advantage for certain insects that birds and other enemies find unpleasant to eat.

mimicry-one organism is protected from it's enemies by it's resemblance to another species

directional selection- one type of natural selection , in which an extreme phenotype becomes favorable adaptation

stabilizing